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                            <h1 class="post-title">在 flutter 上使用 c 代码 - (二) 无源码的项目</h1>
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                        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
                            2019年11月4日
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                            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span> 阅读</span></span>
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                            <p>写在前面, 对于无源码的项目, 理论上必须有头文件,不然你不知道里面都定义了什么鬼东西.</p>
<p>本篇虽然是写无源码的项目, 但实际上还是会有源码部分, 只是通过 cmake,clang,xcodebuild,ndk 等工具编译成 so/framework 以供 android/ios 引入</p>
<h2 id="生成动态库">生成动态库</h2>
<p>整体的目录结构是这样的, 如果你只是要引入库, 可以跳过这步, 这步的主要做源码生成库的步骤</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ tree -L <span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span> cpp-source
tree -L <span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span> cpp-source
cpp-source
├── android
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── build_android.sh
│   └── cmd
│       └── android.sh
├── ios
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── build_ios.sh
│   ├── cmd
│   │   └── ios_abi_build.sh
│   └── ios.toolchain.cmake
└── src
    ├── some.cpp
    └── some.h
</code></pre></div><p>src 为源码</p>
<p><code>some.cpp</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-cpp" data-lang="cpp"><span style="color:#75715e">#include</span> <span style="color:#75715e">&#34;some.h&#34;</span><span style="color:#75715e">
</span><span style="color:#75715e">#include</span> <span style="color:#75715e">&lt;stdint.h&gt;</span><span style="color:#75715e">
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">extern</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span> __attribute__((visibility(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;default&#34;</span>))) __attribute__((used)) <span style="color:#66d9ef">int32_t</span>
native_add(<span style="color:#66d9ef">int32_t</span> x, <span style="color:#66d9ef">int32_t</span> y) {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> x <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> y;
}
</code></pre></div><p>android ios 分别对应平台的 Cmake 配置文件和打包脚本</p>
<h3 id="打包-android">打包 android</h3>
<p>使用 Cmake 配置, 然后通过 ndk 完成这个步骤</p>
<p>CmakeLists.txt:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cmake_minimum_required <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>VERSION 2.6<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># cmake version</span>

project<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>SOME<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># project name</span>

set<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/../../android/libs/$ENV<span style="color:#f92672">{</span>ABI<span style="color:#f92672">})</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># set output path</span>

aux_source_directory<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/../src SRC_FILES<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># scan source code files</span>

add_library<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>some SHARED <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>SRC_FILES<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># add source code files to library, and set build type to dynamic library.</span>
</code></pre></div><p>然后有两个打包脚本</p>
<ol>
<li>主脚本, 负责循环 abi, 调用副脚本, 并且完成生成的步骤</li>
<li>副脚本, 根据 abi 执行 cmake, 并且完成 make 的过程</li>
</ol>
<p>主脚本<code>build_android.sh</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">rm -rf ./build
a<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;armeabi-v7a arm64-v8a x86 x86_64&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> abi in $a;
<span style="color:#66d9ef">do</span>
export ABI<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$abi
sh cmd/android.sh
<span style="color:#66d9ef">done</span>
</code></pre></div><p>副脚本<code>cmd/android.sh</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">export NDK_HOME<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>which adb<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span>/../../ndk-bundle <span style="color:#75715e"># or set to your ndk home</span>

export MAKE_PATH<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>build/make-cache

export TARGET_ABI<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$ABI

create_makefile<span style="color:#f92672">()</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
    cmake <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DANDROID_ABI<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$TARGET_ABI <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DANDROID_PLATFORM<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>android-16 <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>release <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DANDROID_NDK<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$NDK_HOME <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$NDK_HOME/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake <span style="color:#ae81ff">\
</span><span style="color:#ae81ff"></span>        -DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>clang -B $MAKE_PATH -S .
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>

create_makefile

cd $MAKE_PATH

make clean
make
</code></pre></div><p>只需要执行</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cd cpp-source/android
./build_android.sh
</code></pre></div><p>就会生成对应的 so 文件</p>
<p><img src="https://dev.azure.com/cjlspy/844861b8-ee45-48a3-b430-b974684baaaa/_apis/git/repositories/bf4da1c1-1cfa-4f54-8a75-745cce2b737c/items?versionDescriptor%5Bversion%5D=master&amp;path=%2F20191105112724.png&amp;versionDescriptor%5BversionOptions%5D=0&amp;versionDescriptor%5BversionType%5D=0&amp;resolveLfs=true&amp;%24format=octetStream&amp;api-version=5.0" alt="20191105112724.png"></p>
<p>这里直接生成到插件的 libs 目录内了, 后续只需要引入即可, 引入的过程请看后面的引入篇</p>
<h3 id="打包-ios">打包 ios</h3>
<p>主要使用<a href="https://github.com/leetal/ios-cmake"><code>ios-cmake</code></a>项目提供的脚本,配合<code>cmake</code> 和 <code>xcodebuild</code> 来完成打包这个步骤</p>
<p>两个脚本</p>
<p><code>build_ios.sh:</code></p>
<p>负责 cmake 和提供当前的 sdk 版本号, 调用副脚本完成打包 framework 的过程</p>
<p>并且将不同 abi 的二进制文件使用<code>lipo</code>进行合并操作</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">rm -fr build
mkdir build

cd build

cmake .. -G Xcode -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>../ios.toolchain.cmake -DPLATFORM<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>OS64COMBINED
cmake --build . --config Release --target install

cd ..

DEVICE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>xcodebuild -showsdks|grep <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;iphoneos&#34;</span>| awk <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;{print $4}&#39;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span>
ABI<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$DEVICE sh cmd/ios_abi_build.sh

SIMU<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>xcodebuild -showsdks|grep <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;iphonesimulator&#34;</span>| awk <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;{print $6}&#39;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span>
ABI<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$SIMU sh cmd/ios_abi_build.sh

cd build/output
cp -rf $DEVICE fat
lipo -create $DEVICE/Release/some.framework/some $SIMU/Release/some.framework/some -output fat/Release/some.framework/some

cd ../..

cp -rf build/output/fat/Release/some.framework ../../ios
</code></pre></div><p><code>cmd/ios_abi_build.sh</code>:</p>
<p>负责调用<code>xcodebuild</code> 完成构建 framework 的过程</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">echo <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;build ios </span>$ABI<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span>
cd build

cmake .. -G Xcode -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>../ios.toolchain.cmake -DPLATFORM<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>OS64COMBINED
cmake --build . --config Release --target install

<span style="color:#75715e"># xcodebuild -project SOME.xcodeproj -configuration Release -sdk $ABI -alltargets clean build</span>
xcodebuild OTHER_CFLAGS<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;-fembed-bitcode&#34;</span> -project SOME.xcodeproj -configuration Release -sdk $ABI -alltargets clean build CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;&#34;</span> CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>NO

</code></pre></div><p>只需要执行下面的命令即可打出一个 fat 的包给模拟器和真机同时可用</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cd cpp-source/ios
./build_ios.sh
</code></pre></div><h2 id="插件项目">插件项目</h2>
<p>现在开始, 假装没有源码, 只有 so 和 framework</p>
<h3 id="android">android</h3>
<p>因为 so 是分 abi 在 libs 目录下的, 而 so 库的默认目录应该是 jniLibs 目录</p>
<p>所以需要修改 gradle 以引入 so 库</p>
<p><code>android/build.gradle</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy">android <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">// ...
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    sourceSets<span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
        <span style="color:#75715e">// ...
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>        main<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">jniLibs</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">srcDirs</span> <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;libs&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样就完成了 so 库引入的过程</p>
<h3 id="ios">ios</h3>
<p>修改<code>flutter_no_cpp_src.podspec</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-rb" data-lang="rb">s<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>vendored_frameworks <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;some.framework&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样就完成了 ios 库的引入</p>
<h3 id="dart">dart</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dart:async&#39;</span>;

<span style="color:#66d9ef">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;package:flutter/services.dart&#39;</span>;
<span style="color:#66d9ef">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dart:ffi&#39;</span>; <span style="color:#75715e">// For FFI
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dart:io&#39;</span>; <span style="color:#75715e">// For Platform.isX
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> DynamicLibrary nativeAddLib <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Platform.isAndroid
    <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> DynamicLibrary.open(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;libsome.so&#34;</span>)
    <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> DynamicLibrary.open(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;some.framework/some&#34;</span>);

<span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> Function(<span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> x, <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> y) nativeAdd <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> nativeAddLib
    .lookup<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>NativeFunction<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;&gt;</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;native_add&#34;</span>)
    .asFunction();

</code></pre></div><p>这样<code>nativeAdd</code>方法就是调用前面的<code>c++</code>方法来完成 a+b 的过程</p>
<h2 id="静态库的问题">静态库的问题</h2>
<p>因为 android 只支持 so 动态库, 不支持静态库, 所以略过不表</p>
<p>而 ios 则同时支持静态和动态库, 这里暂时使用的是 framework 形式的动态库, 静态库的话, 可以搜索下如何转化成动态库并打包成 framework 即可</p>
<h2 id="后记">后记</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/caijinglong/example_for_flutter_ffi">项目地址</a></p>
<p>以上</p>

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    <h2>See Also</h2>
    <ul class="listing">
        
        <li><a href="/posts/flutter/ffi/1-first-party/">在 flutter 上使用 c 代码 - (一) 有源码的项目</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/posts/dart/file/read/">dart 大文件读取</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/posts/flutter/dart/2-3-new/">dart 2.3的新东西</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/posts/flutter/dart/generators/">dart中的生成器函数</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/posts/flutter/form/form1/">flutter Form 表单组件的初步解析</a></li>
        
    </ul>
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